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State, Economy and the Great Divergence provides a new analysis of what has become the central debate in global economic history: the 'great divergence' between European and Asian growth. Focusing on early modern China and Western Europe, in particular Great Britain, this book offers a new level of detail on comparative state formation that has widereaching implications for European, Eurasian and global history.
Beginning with an overview of the historiography, Peer Vries goes on to extend and develop the debate, critically engaging with the huge volume of literature published on the topic to date. Incorporating recent insights, he offers a compelling alternative to the claims to EastWest equivalence, or Asian superiority, which have come to dominate discourse surrounding this issue.
This is a vital update to a key issue in global economic history and, as such, is essential reading for students and scholars interested in keeping up to speed with the ongoing debates.
- Sales Rank: #824131 in Books
- Published on: 2015-04-23
- Released on: 2015-04-23
- Original language: English
- Number of items: 1
- Dimensions: 9.23" h x 1.07" w x 6.25" l, .0 pounds
- Binding: Paperback
- 512 pages
Review
“This book is an impressive economic comparison between Western Europe (especially Britain) and China during the long eighteenth century. It is a much needed and balanced account that tries, I think on the whole successfully, to not succumb to either a Euro-centric or China-centric interpretation. It engages with all the main themes pertinent to such a history but, ultimately, its originality lies in emphasising the Western European, particularly Britain's, form of state. The ability to raise revenues to fund expensive wars and colonial expansion has a ramification that, ultimately, is the primary key to the “Great Divergence” with China.” ―William J. Ashworth, Senior Lecturer in History, University of Liverpool, UK
“Peer Vries turns traditional political economy on its head: instead of an open, laissez-faire British economy confronting an oppressive and centralized Imperial state in China in the 18th century, Vries shows us a fiscal-mercantilist Britain extracting enormous taxes and a decentralized and inefficient Chinese government receiving rather few. Moreover, Vries argues that British industrial success arose because of – not in spite of – Britain's high taxation supporting an aggressively mercantilist and imperialist state. This deeply learned book will challenge both traditionalists' and “California School” revisionists' view of the Great Divergence; it marks a powerful new turn and major advance in understanding the origins of modern economies.” ―Jack A. Goldstone, Professor of Public Policy, George Mason University, USA
“Professor Peer Vries' new book is a continuation of his decade-long pursuit for a better answer to a cluster of puzzles associated with the 'Great Divergence' that set Western Europe and China historically apart. Unlike the conventional views that look at a wide range of variables such as natural endowments, population, factor productivities, market activities, real wages and GDP, the author identifies the state as the prime mover in Eurasian history. The rise of the West was thus a result of a pushy 'visible hand' that dictated the allocation of key resources. He also probes further into the process and mechanisms of state-building by the elite that held political, ideological, legal, economic and military powers. Thus, the seed of the Great Divergence was planted by the elites in Western Europe and China long before 1700 AD. Professor Vries's path-breaking work re-sets our debate in global history.” ―Kent G. Deng, Professor of Economic History, London School of Economics, UK
About the Author
Peer Vries is University Professor at the Institute for Economic and Social History, University of Vienna, Austria.
Most helpful customer reviews
0 of 1 people found the following review helpful.
Critical in the Best Sense
By R. Albin
This book is an excellent example of using comparative historical analysis to address major questions. The general issue is the "Great Divergence" between western Europe and Qing China in the 18th and early 19th century. Vries focuses on 2 specific questions. One; to what extent was 18th century Britain the Smithian society that many economists and some historians see as a necessary and sufficient condition for industrialization? Second; were Qing China and "Europe" approximately equivalent in terms of governmental-social-economic organization, as argued recently by some historians? Vries method is a detailed comparison of Britain and Qing China, attempting to be as quantitative as possible. Vries is very aware of the limitations of the data, and seems to be very careful with his comparisons, arguing convincingly that even order of magnitude comparisons are useful.
Vries opens with a very good historiographic chapter to define the issues, setting the stage for his analyses. He then works through a series of systematic chapters treating various aspects of the British-Qing comparison. These include taxation and the financial powers of the British and Qing states, military performance and relative power, the nature and extent of the bureaucracies, the role of these states in the larger economies, the nature of British and Qing imperialism, and what he calls the "legibility" of these states; how it penetrated the consciousness of their subjects.
Contrary to the conclusions of many economists and some economic historians, Vries shows Britain to be a relatively interventionist, relatively powerful, and strongly mercantilist state functioning in the context of the highly competitive and aggressive European state system. Vries argues well that this phenomenon was a key to British industrialization, strongly undermining the arguments of quite a few economists. As a complementary conclusion, Vries shows that Qing China was a much weaker state and generally less dynamic economy, in part related to the absence of state direction. While Vries' conclusions will not surprise many experienced readers, this book is very strongly argued and I doubt that Vries analyses can be rebutted by the objects of his critique. This is an excellent contribution to the debates over the Great Divergence, and indirectly, to discussions of the nature of economic modernization.
0 of 5 people found the following review helpful.
Five Stars
By Amazon Customer
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